Several studies suggest that social-cognitive processes such as commitment to work, self-efficacy, learned resourcefulness, and hope may insulate individuals from experiencing occupational burnout .

==Sources

1. Cooper, C. L., & Cartwright, S. (1997). An intervention strategy for workplace stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 43, 7–16.

2. Clanton, L. D., Rude, S., & Taylor, C. (1992). Learned resourcefulness as a moderator of burnout in a sample of rehabilitation providers. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37, 131–140.

Category:Human resource management

Category:Stress

Category:Organizational theory

Category:Communication
Adapted from the Wikipedia article Occupational burnout, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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VR technology has been slowly gaining acceptance in a clinical environment. It is now used for treating specific phobias, pain management, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Studies have indicated that, “patients reported emotional and physiological arousal when immersed in VR, thus providing a tool for exposure in the treatment of psychological disorders”. VR technology also allows for a standardized testing environment that could greatly increase patient recovery rates.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Virtual reality cue reactivity, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Graduate programs

A comprehensive list of US and Canadian master’s and doctoral programs can be found at the web site of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP). Some helpful ways to learn about graduate programs include visiting the web sites on the SIOP list and speaking to I-O faculty at the institutions listed. Admission into I-O psychology Ph.D. programs is highly competitive given that many programs accept a small number of applicants every year.

There are graduate degree programs in I-O psychology outside of the US and Canada. The SIOP web site also provides a comprehensive list of I-O programs in many other countries.

Job outlook

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2007), the job outlook for industrial-organizational psychologists is promising. Businesses enlist the services of these psychologists in order to retain employees and maintain a good work ethic. I-O psychologists specializing in research often conduct studies within companies to aid in marketing research.

In 2006, the median annual salary for industrial-organizational psychologists was $86,420(US).

==Key journals in industrial and organizational psychology

* [http://www.siop.org/journal/siopjournal.aspx ''Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice'']

* ”Academy of Management Journal”

* [http://journals.aomonline.org/amp/ ''Academy of Management Perspectives'']

* ”Academy of Management Review”

* ”Human Performance”

* ”Journal of Applied Psychology”

* ”Journal of Management”

* [http://www.bpsjournals.co.uk/journals/joop/ ''Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology'']

* ”Journal of Occupational Health Psychology”

* ”Journal of Organizational Behavior”

* ”Journal of Personnel Psychology”

* ”Personnel Psychology”

* [http://www.siop.org/tip/April09/TIPApril09versions.aspx ''The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist'']

* ”Work & Stress”

* [http://orm.sagepub.com/ ''Organizational Research Methods'']

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Industrial and organizational psychology, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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SHM System’s elements include:

* Structure

* Sensors

* Data acquisition systems

* Data transfer and storage mechanism

* Data management

* Data interpretation and diagnosis:

: 1) System Identification

: 2) Structural model update

: 3) Structural condition assessment

: 4) Prediction of remaining service life

An example of this technology is embedding sensors in structures like bridges and aircraft. These sensors provide real time monitoring of various structural changes like stress and strain. In the case of civil engineering structures, the data provided by the sensors is usually transmitted to a remote data acquisition centres. With the aid of modern technology, real time control of structures (Active Structural Control) based on the information of sensors is possible

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Structural health monitoring, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Consumers/clients of mental health programs grouping together and forming non-profit organizations that serve to support each other in mental health and challenging associated stigma and discrimination. See also Certified Peer Support Specialist, Self-help, Self-help groups for mental health, Person centered planning and Self-determination.

[http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Peer_counseling Peer counseling] has been used to help survivors of trauma, such as refugees, cope with stress and deal with difficult living conditions.

Peer support programs have also been implemented to address stress and trauma among veterans, law enforcement personnel, and firefighters. Peer support is an important component of the Critical incident stress management program used to alleviate stress and trauma among disaster first responders.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Peer support, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Sisu is a Finnish term loosely translated into English as strength of will, determination, perseverance, and acting rationally in the face of adversity. However, the word is widely considered to lack a proper translation into any language. Sisu has been described as being integral to understanding Finnish culture. The literal meaning is equivalent in English to “having guts”, and the word derives from ”sisus”, which means something inner or interior. However sisu is defined by a long-term element in it; it is not momentary courage, but the ability to sustain an action against the odds. Deciding on a course of action and the sticking to that decision against repeated failures is sisu. It is similar to equanimity, except the forbearance of ”sisu” has a grimmer quality of stress management than the latter. The noun ”sisu” is related to the adjective ”sisukas”, one having the quality of ”sisu”.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Sisu, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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People skills encompass a range of interpersonal and intrapersonal communication competencies. In business and organizational human relations, the emphasis is on social-emotional awareness, self-presentation, management, getting along with others, negotiation, conflict resolution and decision-making.

Interpersonal communication skills include effective prosocial interaction, empathy, understanding personalities and ability to work cooperatively as part of a group or team. Influential components are cultural awareness, conversational language and non-verbal communication.

The intrapersonal, or inner dimension, includes forms of self-communication and understanding personal emotions, goals and motivations. Self regulation of attention and stress management skills depend largely on self-communication (inner imagery and self-talk).

Adapted from the Wikipedia article People skills, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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The Relatives Project, found in 1993, provides support for family and friends of people who have mental and emotional problems. The Relatives Project teaches coping skills and stress management through meetings similar to those held in Recovery International groups, but using literature written by Abraham Low specifically for the families of his patients. Relatives are taught to maintain empathy and unconditional positive regard for their ill relative, while reframing their domestic environment to provide an empowering atmosphere for all members. The Relatives Project groups are open to adults and teenagers, and allow professionals to observe but only to participate if it is in support of a family member’s mental health. Mental health becomes a shared goal for a family, and all family members share in responsibility to achieve it.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Abraham Low Self-Help Systems, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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People use relaxation techniques for the following reasons, among others:

* Anger management

* Anxiety attacks

* Cardiac health

* Depression

* General well-being

* Headache

* High blood pressure

* Immune system support

* Insomnia

* Pain management

* Stress management

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Relaxation technique, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Industrial and organizational psychology focuses to varying degrees on the psychology of the workforce, customer, and consumer, including issues such as the psychology of recruitment, selecting employees from an applicant pool which overall includes training, performance appraisal, job satisfaction, work behavior, stress at work and management.

Career counseling is another aspect of counseling closely related to industrial/organizational psychology. Counselors in this field assist clients in a variety of settings ranging from schools to vocational to organization sites, to name a few. One of the main goals of the profession is to help clients realize their talents and dreams in response to a career and help them create successful job skills to then apply to their career search. Many times career counselors act as consultants to companies, other times they work as a team in academic and career counseling capacities, and other times they work for a social service agency specifically working with people who need assistance in the job search process.

Generally a Master’s degree is needed to get into the field. As there are not many career counseling Master’s programs, many enter the field with a degree in mental health counseling or community counseling.

Since jobs are such defining experiences for people, having the ability to gain helpful insight, tips, and encouragement from career counselors is a definite benefit. The career counseling field can only increase in popularity as people on average change jobs every ten years, instead of 30 years ago where many people stayed with the same company the majority of their working career.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Applied psychology, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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