Insulin

The latest articles related to Insulin

Childhood obesity – Causes

As with many conditions, childhood obesity can be brought on by a range of factors which often act in combination. Dietary The effects of eating habits on childhood obesity are difficult to determine. A three year randomized controlled study of 1,704 3rd grade children which provided two healthy meals a day in combination with an [...]

Ketotic hypoglycemia – Hypoglycemia with ketosis: the broad sense

There are hundreds of causes of hypoglycemia. Normally, the defensive, physiological response to a falling blood glucose is reduction of insulin secretion to undetectable levels, and release of glucagon, adrenaline, and other counterregulatory hormones. This shift of hormones initiates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver, and lipolysis in adipose tissue. Lipids are metabolized to triglycerides, [...]

History of medicine – Modern medicine

Medicine was revolutionized in the 19th century and beyond by advances in chemistry and laboratory techniques and equipment, old ideas of infectious disease epidemiology were replaced with bacteriology and virology. Bacteria and microorganisms were first observed with a microscope by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, initiating the scientific field microbiology. Ignaz Semmelweis (1818–1865) in 1847 [...]

Pregnancy – Physiology

Pregnancy is typically broken into three periods, or trimesters, each of about three months. While there are no hard and fast rules, these distinctions are useful in describing the changes that take place over time. First trimester Traditionally, doctors have measured pregnancy from a number of convenient points, including the day of last menstruation, ovulation, [...]

Rheumatoid arthritis – History

The first known traces of arthritis date back at least as far as 4500 BC. A text dated 123 AD first describes symptoms very similar to rheumatoid arthritis. It was noted in skeletal remains of Native Americans found in Tennessee. In the Old World the disease is vanishingly rare before the 1600s. and on this [...]

Hypoglycemia – Introduction

Hypoglycemia or hypoglycæmia is the medical term for a state produced by a lower than normal level of blood glucose. The term literally means “under-sweet blood” (Gr. ”hypo-”, ”glykys”, ”haima”). It can produce a variety of symptoms and effects but the principal problems arise from an inadequate supply of glucose to the brain, resulting in [...]

Hormone – Chemical classes of hormones

Vertebrate hormones fall into three chemical classes: * Amine-derived hormones are derivatives of the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. Examples are catecholamines and thyroxine. * Peptide hormones consist of chains of amino acids. Examples of small peptide hormones are TRH and vasopressin. Peptides composed of scores or hundreds of amino acids are referred to as [...]

Paleolithic diet – Nutritional factors and health effects

Since the end of the Paleolithic period, several foods that humans rarely or never consumed during previous stages of their evolution have been introduced as staples in their diet. With the advent of agriculture and the beginning of animal domestication roughly 10,000 years ago, during the Neolithic Revolution, humans started consuming large amounts of dairy [...]

Yale – New Haven Hospital – Milestones in medicine

This is a list of notable medical accomplishments which took place at Yale-New Haven Hospital: *1896 – Arthur Wright produces first X-ray in the U.S. at Yale University *1942 – First successful clinical use of penicillin in the U.S. (see Orvan Hess, M.D.) *1942 – First ever use of chemotherapy as a cancer treatment *1946 [...]

Glossary of diabetes – L

Diabetes

*Labile diabetes – A term used to indicate when a person’s blood glucose (sugar) level often swings quickly from high to low and from low to high. Also called brittle diabetes. *Lactic acidosis – A buildup of lactic acid in the body due to anaerobic use of glucose as a fuel. It is normal when [...]









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